Web & Dev guides
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Web & Dev
Developer Data Essentials: JSON, Tokens, Regex & Hashing
A map of the data formats and concepts every web developer uses daily — JSON for data interchange, JWT for auth tokens, regular expressions for matching, and the crucial difference between hashing, encryption and encoding.
11 min read
Web & Dev
How Web Page Auditing Works: SEO, Speed, Accessibility, Security & CLS
What a page audit actually checks and why each signal matters: the SEO tags search engines read, the accessibility rules screen readers need, Core Web Vitals like CLS and LCP, plus the security and privacy checks most tools skip.
12 min read
Web & Dev
JSON Explained: Syntax, Data Types & Why It Runs the Web
What JSON is, its six data types, the exact syntax rules that trip people up, how it differs from JavaScript objects, and why it became the default format for APIs and config.
9 min read
Web & Dev
How JWT Works: The Anatomy of a JSON Web Token
The three parts of a JWT, why the payload is encoded not encrypted, how the signature makes it tamper-proof, and the security rules that keep token-based auth safe.
10 min read
Web & Dev
Regular Expressions Explained: A Practical Guide to Regex
Regex demystified in layers — literal characters, character classes, quantifiers, anchors, groups and alternation — with real examples and the traps to avoid.
11 min read
Web & Dev
Hashing vs Encryption vs Encoding: The Difference That Matters
Three words developers constantly confuse — with real security consequences. What each one does, why encoding is not security, how passwords should be stored, and when to use which.
9 min read
Web & Dev
AI Dataset Formats
Common dataset formats used for training and evaluating AI — JSONL, Parquet, HuggingFace datasets, and more.
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AI Embedding Evaluation
How to measure embedding quality — benchmarks, retrieval metrics, and intrinsic evaluation.
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AI Embedding Models Reference
Popular text, image, and multimodal embedding models — dimensions, context, license, and use case.
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AI Embedding Uses
What embeddings are used for — retrieval, classification, clustering, deduplication, and more.
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AI Evaluation Metrics
Metrics for classifiers, regressions, LLMs, and embeddings — what each measures and watch-outs.
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AI Model Parameter Sizes
Notable LLM and vision model sizes — parameter counts, context windows, and notes.
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AI Model Quantization Techniques
Post-training quantization, QAT, and format options (int8, int4, fp8) for LLM inference.
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AI Model Types
Categories of modern AI models — when to use an LLM vs diffusion vs classifier vs RL agent.
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AI Token Limits & Costs
Context windows and per-token prices for major LLM APIs — ballpark figures for cost estimation.
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CPU vs GPU Comparison
How CPUs and GPUs differ — cores, parallelism, memory, and when to use each.
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Computer Architecture Diagram
Modern CPU architecture overview — cores, caches, pipelines, memory controller, and interconnect.
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Computer Memory Architecture
DRAM, cache, virtual memory, and paging — how CPUs access data.
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Cryptographic Hash Comparison
Hash algorithms side-by-side — output size, security status, and recommended uses.
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Data Visualization Types
Common chart types and what they work for — when to use bar, line, scatter, box, heatmap, etc.
Web & Dev
File Extensions Reference
Common file extensions — what they are, what opens them, and typical MIME.
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File Hash Algorithms
File-integrity hash algorithms — speed, output size, and when to use each.
Web & Dev
File Size Conversion Table
Binary vs decimal byte prefixes — KiB vs KB, MiB vs MB, and friends.
Web & Dev
Filesystem Types Comparison
Common filesystems compared — max sizes, journaling, cross-platform support, and typical use.
Web & Dev
Gradient Descent Guide
Gradient descent variants — SGD, momentum, Adam, RMSprop — and practical tuning tips.
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HTTP Request Methods
RFC-standard HTTP methods, their semantics, idempotency, and when to use each.
Web & Dev
JSON Schema Examples
Common JSON Schema patterns — required fields, enums, arrays, nested objects, refs.
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JSON vs XML Comparison
JSON and XML compared — syntax, tooling, size, and where each still shines.
Web & Dev
Linux Shell Commands
Essential Linux / Unix shell commands — file system, text processing, processes, networking.
Web & Dev
MIME Types Reference
Common Internet media types (MIME) for setting Content-Type headers correctly.
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Machine Learning Loss Functions
Regression, classification, and task-specific losses — what each measures and watch-outs.
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Memory Hierarchy Reference
CPU registers to persistent storage — sizes, latencies, and trade-offs.
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Neural Network Activation Functions
Common activations — formulas, output range, and typical use.
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Password Strength Guide
Password entropy, crack times, and what actually makes a password strong.
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Programming Keyboard Shortcuts
Common editor and IDE shortcuts — VS Code, Vim, IntelliJ, and terminal.
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Programming Language Syntax
Quick side-by-side of common constructs across Python, JavaScript, Go, Rust, and more.
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SQL Data Types Reference
SQL data types across PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and SQL Server.
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SSL/TLS Versions
SSL and TLS protocol versions — release dates, current status, and what to deprecate.
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System Design Patterns
Distributed system patterns — load balancing, caching, queues, replication, sharding.
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Web Performance Metrics
Core Web Vitals and other timing metrics — targets and what they measure.