Electronics

Power Loss Guide

Loss mechanisms in power electronics — conduction, switching, core, and how to estimate each.

Conduction losses

MOSFETP = I²_RMS · R_DS(on)
DiodeP = V_f · I_avg
BJT / IGBTP = V_CE(sat) · I_avg
Wire / traceP = I²_RMS · R_wire
Inductor DCRP = I²_RMS · DCR

Switching losses (MOSFET)

Turn-onE_on ≈ ½ V_DS · I · t_rise
Turn-offE_off ≈ ½ V_DS · I · t_fall
Total P_sw≈ (E_on + E_off) · f_sw
Gate chargeP_gate = Q_g · V_gs · f_sw
Output capacitanceP = ½ C_oss · V² · f_sw

Core losses (magnetics)

SteinmetzP_core ≈ K · f^a · B^b (K, a, b from datasheet)
HysteresisScales with f and B^1.6–2.5
Eddy currentsScales with f² and B² — mitigated by lamination / ferrite

Analysis checklist

  • Calculate conduction loss at max I.
  • Estimate switching loss using datasheet rise/fall times and gate charge.
  • Add core loss from ferrite datasheet at your operating B and f.
  • Include diode V_f · I for non-synchronous designs.
  • Don't forget quiescent IC power.
  • Sum → compute expected efficiency; check against thermal budget.
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