Measurement Tolerances

ISO IT grades, typical machining tolerances, and when each is appropriate.

Reference Reference Updated Apr 19, 2026
Reference

ISO IT grade → typical tolerance (µm) for 10–18 mm feature

IT grade Tolerance Process
IT01 – IT4 0.3 – 8 µm Gauge blocks / precision grinding
IT5 9 µm Precision grinding / reaming
IT6 11 µm Fine grinding / turning / reaming
IT7 18 µm Fine turning / grinding
IT8 27 µm Turning / milling / drilling
IT9 43 µm Rough turning / drilling
IT10 70 µm Drilling / rough machining
IT11 110 µm Cold rolling / flame cutting
IT12 180 µm Casting / hot rolling
IT13 – IT16 0.27 – 2.5 mm Sand casting / large forging

Typical process capabilities

Process Typical tolerance Surface finish (Ra)
CNC milling (precision) ±0.005 mm 0.8–1.6 µm
CNC milling (general) ±0.025 mm 1.6–3.2 µm
CNC turning ±0.013 mm 0.8–1.6 µm
Grinding ±0.002 mm 0.2–0.8 µm
EDM (wire) ±0.005 mm 0.4–1.6 µm
Sheet metal (laser) ±0.1 mm 3.2 µm
Sheet metal (punch) ±0.15 mm 6.3 µm
Injection molding ±0.05 mm 0.4–1.6 µm
3D print (FDM) ±0.2 mm 12–25 µm
3D print (SLA/DLP) ±0.1 mm 0.8–6 µm
3D print (SLS) ±0.2 mm 6–15 µm
3D print (MJF / metal SLM) ±0.1 mm 6 µm
Sand casting ±0.5 – 1 mm 6–25 µm
Die casting ±0.1 – 0.3 mm 1.6 µm

Notes

  • Tight tolerances cost exponentially more — specify only what the design requires.
  • GD&T allows per-feature control of form, orientation, location, and runout — more expressive than ±tolerance.

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